Great Spa Towns of Europe - Le Grandi città termali europee
Great Spa Towns of Europe – le grandi città termali europee – è un sito Patrimonio Mondiale UNESCO seriale e transnazionale, in quanto comprende undici città termali in sette diversi stati europei.
Oltre a Montecatini Terme le altre città parte del gruppo sono: Baden bei Wien in Austria; Spa in Belgio; Františkovy Lázně, Karlovy Vary e Mariánské Lázně in Repubblica Ceca; Vichy in Francia; Bad Ems, Baden-Baden e Bad Kissingen in Germania; Bath nel Regno Unito.
L’iscrizione nella lista del patrimonio mondiale è avvenuta il 24 Luglio 2021, durante la 44esima sessione estesa del Comitato del Patrimonio Mondiale.
Tutte e undici le città, pioniere del nascente turismo moderno, rappresentano al meglio il fenomeno del termalismo europeo nel periodo tra il 1700 e il 1930.
La cura termale era principalmente una combinazione cadenzata che consisteva nell’assunzione quotidiana di acque terapeutiche minerali (balneoterapia, terapia idropinica, terapia inalatoria), insieme ad una leggera attività fisica all’aperto, oltre allo svago e all’intrattenimento sociale.
Tali parametri finirono per influenzare il disegno urbanistico cittadino: la struttura dell’insieme termale si delinea in base alla localizzazione delle acque termali e agli edifici legati alle cure creando un equilibrio tra questi, le infrastrutture e il paesaggio verde circostante – definito appunto come “terapeutico”.
Rappresentano una forma pionieristica di città termali che hanno mantenuto la loro struttura nel tempo, consentendo ancora oggi il susseguirsi della tradizione termale e restando ricercate perfino da coloro che non hanno un interesse primario verso il termalismo.
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